Evolution of the Cotton Manufacturing - 679 Words

In 1767, Arkwright teamed up with a clockmaker by the name of John Kay and a reed manufacturer by the name of Thomas Highs. He met them during his travels. Kay and Highs were already working on a spinning machine at that time, but they ran out of money and needed funding, or else they had to abandon their project. Arkwright was impressed by their machine, so he offered to fund them. Arkwright improved their machine by making it produce yarn that was far stronger than the yarn that James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny, produces and the machine also required less physical labour to operate. The first Spinning-Frame was put to use in 1768 and was patented a year after. In 1769, it was Arkwright who needed funding to expand his business, so he went to Ichabod Wright, who was a banker from Nottingham. Wright introduced him to Jedediah Strutt, who was the modifier of the stocking frame (a knitting machine), and Samuel Need, who was a businessman. They were impressed with Arkwright’s Spinning-Frame, so they agreed to form a partnership. Strutt and Need used the yarn that was produced by the Spinning-Frame in their knitting business. Arkwright’ Spinning-Frame was too large to be operated by hand, so in 1771, three men had to find another method of operating the machine. They tried to use horses, but it failed, so they decided to harness the power of the water-wheel. To do this, the three men set up a large mill factory that was powered by water, on the banks of the River Derwent inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of economic growth in the US 1815-18601428 Words   |  6 Pagesseemed unstable at first, after the second war that America fought with England, the economy began to show considerable growth thereafter. This can be seen as the result of the cotton trade in the South and the eventual industrialisation of America, especially in the Northeast and later the West. From the invention of cotton gins to the adaptation of railways one can see how the United States used their opportunities and resources to their full advantage, transforming their economy to be able to competeRead MoreReasons For The Civil War1483 Words   |  6 Pagesand the manufacturing base economy. When Eli Whitney’s invented the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became very profitable for the South. This machine reduce the time it took to separate seeds from the cotton. The cotton gin increased in the number of plantations willing to move from other crops to cotton which increased the need for a large amount of cheap labor, in other words, slaves. The southern economy became a one crop economy, depending on cotton and slavery. The South s Cotton becameRead MoreAaa, Inc.1371 Words   |  6 Pagesembarked on his mission to provide athletes with the best possible equipment. Two of the first athletes sponsored by the Adidas group were Lina Radke and Jesse Owens. Both who in fact won gold medals while sporting the brand which was the start of an evolution. In 1949, Mr. Dassler remastered his brand and moved the operation to Herzogenaurach with 47 employees. The Adidas group sponsored the German national football team in 1954 against the undefeated and undeniable Hungarians. T he German national footballRead MoreEssay on The Industrial Revolution1366 Words   |  6 Pagesand mans way of looking at life all changed during this period. Two revolutions took place. The first Industrial Revolution was based upon the cotton industry. Most of the inventions made during that period were mainly for manufacturing and producing cotton. John Kay, an English weaver invented the flying shuttle, a product that could cut cotton twice as fast. When other inventors saw what Kay had made, they wanted to do the same. One problem still remained. Yarn was not being fed fastRead MoreOrganizational Theory And Management Theory Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthat management can be better supervise its workers., thereby ensuring to standards procedures. The topic that I feel that can be linked to this chapter on Organizational Theory and Management is the Industrial Revolution. It was the evolution to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760-1820 and 1840. It was a great significance to Industrial Revolution, which launched in Great Britain and Europe during the 18th century. To first have a connection with Frederick Taylor’s four principlesRead MoreEssay on Economies of North and South During American Civil War1246 Words   |  5 Pagesushered in an small and early Industrial Revolution. Factories and mills that produced finished goods sprung up all over the Northern United States along major waterways. These factories produced fabric, iron, machinery, weapons. Raw materials such as cotton was bought from the South and then sold back to them in the form of clothes. Iron workers made iron railroad ties for the growing railroads across the country. More machinery was being built than ever before. These mach ines were able to multiply theRead MoreWarning : Industry Spin And The Center For Food Safety1234 Words   |  5 PagesHealth; Learn the Truth About GE Foods,† Elizabeth Kucinich, the policy director for the Center for Food Safety, strongly discusses the dangers of consuming genetically modified foods, which causes unpredictable allergic reactions, encourages rapid evolution for resistance in pests, and creates herbicide resistance leading to an overuse of chemicals. Empowering consumers about what’s in their food is an important issue because everyone has the right to know what’s going into their body, especially whenRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinesses. These traders created a new class of professionals, such as accountants and lawyers, that helped to develop the upper class, also known as the bourgeoisie. The buildup of technical knowledge from application of inventions enhanced manufacturing and changes in a new light, al so known as the Industrial Revolution. Historians called this term as â€Å"the major economic changes that occurred in Britain, northwestern Europe, and North America catapulted these countries ahead of the rest of theRead MoreThe Workshop of the World: The Industrial Revolution Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe opportunities to lead the charge on industrialization. â€Å"The process was long and complicated, not sudden and violent as most revolutions are† (Lines 107). The term revolution is actually relatively misleading because the time period is more an evolution of technological growth for Great Britain. The timing of Britain’s industrialization also has something to do with the ability of inventors and engineers to crack technical problems that were beyond them a century earlier. â€Å"The revolution would notRead MoreSustainable Development : Levi Strauss Co, The Introducer Of Blue Denim And The World s Best Denim1328 Words   |  6 Pageswe find alternat ives. One such initiative is taken by the Levi Strauss Co, the introducer of blue denim and the world’s best denim company. Levi Strauss Co was established in San Francisco, California on May 20, 1873. The company has been manufacturing denims that are used most widely around the world, especially in USA. Ever since the introduction of the blue denim, the garment has been the base of many fashion trends. Even today, Levi Strauss denims are always in fashion. In fact, the blue

Jeremy Bentham Father of Utilitarianism Essay - 1444 Words

Assess the merits of Utilitarianism (24 Marks) Utilitarianism is a theory aimed at defining one simple basis that can be applied when making any ethical decision. It is based on a human’s natural instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Jeremy Bentham is widely regarded as the father of utilitarianism. He was born in 1748 into a family of lawyers and was himself, training to join the profession. During this process however, he became disillusioned by the state British law was in and set out to reform the system into a perfect one based on the ‘Greatest Happiness Principle,’ ‘the idea that pleasurable consequences are what qualify an action as being morally good’. Bentham observed that we are all governed by pain and pleasure; we all†¦show more content†¦Another problem with Bentham’s philosophy is that he would not distinguish between pleasure and pain, seemingly defining them as the same thing. In my opinion pleasure is generally a momentary thing whilst happiness is a more lasting and consistent thing. One might gain pleasure from sitting watching TV all day long. However in doing he is missing work and so will end up with no job and no money to support himself (and pay hi s TV licence!) and will presumably be left unhappy. So, as demonstrated by this example, pleasure is not necessarily happiness and Bentham, was mistaken to define them together The usefulness of his calculus, and the way Bentham defined pleasure came into question from one of his students, J.S. Mill who found his approach too general and simplistic. Mill rejected Bentham’s idea that all pleasures are the same and can be compared, he felt that there were different types or ‘levels’ of pleasure, and that some are more desirable or valuable than others. 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Utilitarianism is a consequential theory by not only a matter of what we are capable of emotionally doing but to also do a matter of what we ought to do rationally. Actions to benefit the majority to maximize happiness for the greater of good of people and minimize unhappiness. Utilitarian is a hard universal theory for the universal moral code that applies to everyone to maximize happiness and minimize misery or unhappiness for the great of good. In the matter in which peoples consequences areRead MoreExplanation of the Utilitarian Ethical Theory Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesor pleasure for the greatest number of people (MacKinnon, 32).† To examine utilitarianism we first need to look at the word, this is where we find the word â€Å"utility† imbedded into it. 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Lampunaya Leaf Extract as an Acid Base Indicator free essay sample

Chapter I Background of the Study Chemical compounds can be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral substances based on several conditions. One factor considered is the color reaction which can be observed through the use of indicators. An indicator is a substance that changes color, depending on whether it is placed in an acidic solution or basic solution. One indicator that almost everyone associates with acids and bases is the litmus paper, which has the ability to change the color in response to an acid or a base. Phenolphthalein is another common indicator use by beginners in chemistry because its color change is very obvious, making it easy to use. There are many other indicators that change color at different pH levels, and so are useful for different purposes. Many pigments found in nature can be quite effectively used as acid-base indicators. The purple eggplant peel, the dyes in the blueberries and the purple camote peel contain anthocyanins. These plant pigments produce definite colors in solutions of different acidity or basicity. Anthocyanins are also water soluble and have colors that are dependent upon the pH of the reacting solution. In our study, the researchers used a lampunaya leaf that also contains anthocyanins With the knowledge of this, we decided to come up with a study about lampunaya leaf extract as an acid-base indicator. There are three reasons why we conducted this study: first, we want to discover new things. We would like o know if the lampunaya leaf extract would be an effective acid-base indicator and as far as we have known there are only a few researches about this topic. Second, we would like to add further knowledge about the topic because our study may be useful to the future generation and it may help them to add more information to what we have gathered from our research. Lastly, to save money because if the school runs out of money, they can use the lampunaya leaf extract as an acid-base indicator and there’s no need for them to buy for new materials like the pH meter which is very expensive. The project mainly focused on lampunaya leaf extract as an acid-base indicator. Statement of the Problem The investigators seek to answer the question: What are the factors that affect on how fast the results will appear from a lampunaya leaf extract as an acid-base indicator? Hypotheses In view of the preceding question, the following hypotheses are advanced: 1. The more the amount of lampunaya leaf extract drop to the substance the faster the results will appear. 2. The lesser the amount of lampunaya leaf extract drop to the substance the faster the results will appear. 3. The drier the leaf used in the lampunaya leaf extract drop to the substance the slower the results will appear. Significance of the Study The investigators believed that the result of the study will be beneficial to the following: Students. This study helps the students by adding some information about their knowledge on acids and bases. These will help them know that even without the use of the pH meter, we could still identify whether a substance is an acid or a base by using some plants. Teachers. This study helps the teachers by using our project to be an activity in their class to let their students know and explore more about the topic acids and bases. The students will surely enjoy the experimenting stuff and basically will not be bored because using lampunaya leaf extract as an acid-base indicator is easy and fun. The students will not only enjoy from this activity but will also learn more in the process. Family. This study helps the family because they can use our experiment as an educational stuff to their children. They can perform the experiment at their house and while performing it, the parents can discuss the effects of too much acid in our body and through the experiment they performed, they would know how acidic a soft drink is. Our study would help parents and hildren bond and together will learn from it. Future investigators. This study could serve as a basis for them to do more research and add more information to the things that we have done. This could also be a form of help to them as a source of information on how to start the research. Scope and Delimitations of the Study The study covered the topic lampunaya lea f extract as an acid-base indicator. The investigators must only focus on the said topic. The measurement of the alum powder and water must be exact and the investigators must always follow the procedure so that the experiment would not fail. The amount of the indicator drop to the substance must be the exact amount to what the direction is saying. Other irrelevant topic like the temperature of the indicator used should not be included in the study because it’s not really that important. Definition of Terms 1. Lampunaya leaf- This is an erect, branched, fleshy, annual herb 1 m or less in height. Its stems are four-angled and purplish. The leaves vary in color, usually more or less hairy, ovate, and coarsely toothed at the margins. Flowers are terminal, purplish and numerous. (http://www. oocities. com/herbalpage/Subpage/mayana. tm) In this study, lampunaya leaf is one of the indicators used to determine acids and bases that contain anthocyanins. 2. Extract- an extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water. (www. wikipedia. com) In this study, extract is a substance that will draw out from the lampunaya leaf after the process called extracting. 3. Acid- any of a class compounds that in aqueous solution turns blue litmus red and reacts with bases and with certain metals to form salts. (Webster Comprehensive Dictionary, p. 12) In this study, acids are substances that have a sour taste and change its original color to red when the indicator is drop on it. 4. Base- a compound which is capable of so uniting with an acid as to neutralize its acidic properties and form a salt as sodium hydroxide, NaOH. (Webster Comprehensive Dictionary, p. 117) In this study, bases are substances that are slippery and soapy that has a bitter taste and changes its original color to blue when the indicator is drop on it. 5. Neutral- lacking decided acid or alkaline qualities. (Webster Comprehensive Dictionary, p. 853) In this study, neutral is a substance in which its color doesn’t change when the indicator is drop on it. Chapter II Review of Related Literature This portion of the study presents the conceptual literature and related studies about the acid indicating capabilities of the Lampunaya leaf. These reviews are intended to facilitate further understanding of the investigation. A study conducted by the students of University of Davis said, acids are major wine constituents and contribute greatly to its taste. In fact, acids impart the sourness or tartness that is a fundamental feature in wine taste. Wines lacking in acid are â€Å"flat. † Chemically, the acids which affects taste and pH which affects color, stability to oxidation, and consequently the overall lifespan o a wine. The most abundant of these acids arise in the grapes themselves and carry over into the wine. However, there are also some acids that arise as a result of the fermentation process from either yeast and/or bacteria. And they quipped yet again that wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced. According to an internet site called, Wikipedia, wine is an alcoholic beverage, typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. From the study of Doug Nierman, wines produced from cool climate grapes are high in acidity and thus taste sour. These high-acid wines can be treated to reduce the acidity, either by neutralizing agents, or by malo-lactic fermentation. Warm climate grapes can be low in acid, more or less depending on variety. In these areas tartaric acid, recycled from winemaking, is added to increase acidity and prevent wines from being flat. Currently winemakers in California are pushing wines to high pH levels, as high as 4. 0, while 20 years ago pH’s level above 3. 6 is unusual. This makes wines taste softer, popular with wine writers today. Newworldencycolopedia. org said, a base in chemistry is an aqueous substance that can accept hydronium ions. Bases are also the oxides or hydroxides of metals. A soluble base is also often referred to as an alkali if hydroxide ions (OH-) are involved. This refers to the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Alternative definitions of bases include electron pair donors, and as sources of hydroxide anions. In addition to this, bases can commonly be thought of as any chemical that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity lower than that of pure water, i. e. a pH higher than 7. 0 at standard conditions. Examples of common bases are sodium hydroxide and ammonia. Type of solution that has a surplus of OH- ions. Bases can be thought of as the chemical opposite of acids. A reaction between an acid and base is called neutralization. Bases and acids are seen as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. Bases react with acids to produce water and salts. A website named, MedicNet. com, an online Medicine dictionary said that pH meter is a simple and speedy device to measure the acidity and alkalinity of a fluid. A pH meter acts as a volt meter that measures the electrical potential difference between a pH electrode and a reference electrode and displays the result in terms of the pH value of the solution in which they are immersed. The Encyclopedia of questions and answers adds that the pH meter was invented in 1934 by the American chemist Arnold O. Beckman. According to him, it is used to measure the sourness of lemons. Beckman’s original device was housed in a walnut box 12 inches wide, 8 inches deep and 9 inches high. It measured electrical current flowing into a glass electrode immersed in a solution.